Python Type Hierarchy

• Numbers

  Integral	Non-Integral
  Integers	Floats (c doubles)
  Booleans	Complex
  	Decimals
  	Fractions

• Collections

  Sequences		Sets		Mappings
  Mutable	Immutable	Mutable	Immutable	Mutable
  Lists	Tuples	Sets	Frozen Sets	Dictionaries
  	Strings

• Callables

  • User-Defined Functions
  • Generators
  • Classes
  • Instance Methods
  • Class Instances (__call__())
  • Built-in Functions (e.g. len(), open())
  • Built-in Methods (e.g. my_list.append(x))

• Singletons

  • None
  • NotImplemented
  • Ellipsis (…)

Multi-Line Statements and Strings

physical newline v.s. logical newline

Implicit v.s. Explicit

• Implicit

  supports inline comments

• Explicit

  You can use the backslash(\\) character to explicitly break up statements over multiple lines.

Multi-Line String Literals

Variable Names

Conditionals

• if, elif, and else

• ternary operator

  X if (condition) else Y

Functions